Author: satoshiokita
DATE:2005/11/05 TIME:23:23:39 JST
fliename: 00_helloworld.rb
#!/usr/bin/ruby
print "hello world!\n"
p "hello world!\n"
fliename: 10_keyword_list.rb
#!/usr/bin/ruby
=begin
BEGIN
END
alias
and
begin
break
case
class
def
defined?
do
else
elsif
end
ensure
false
for
if
in
module
next
nil
not
or
redo
rescue
retry
return
self
super
then
true
undef
unless
until
when
while
yield
=end
fliename: 20_comment.rb
# one line comment
# one line comment sample hogehogeho
=begin
multi line comments sample
hoge comment.
=end
=begin
= from =begin to =end.
= you can write a equal characer.
=end
fliename: 21_heredoc.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
#
# $Id: 21_heredoc.rb 1190 2005-11-05 14:23:33Z s-okita $
# Author : satoshiokita
# $Date: 2005-11-05 23:23:33 +0900 (土, 05 11 2005) $
# $Rev: 1190 $
print fliename: 25_array.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
#
# Ruby has not primitive array. a 'Array' define object.
#
aryObject = [ "ruby", "java", "python" ]
p aryObject.class
print aryObject[1], "\n"
fliename: 26_array_iterator.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
#
# Ruby has not primitive array. a 'Array' define object.
# Operate by Iterator
#
aryObject = [ "ruby", "java", "python" ]
p aryObject.class
aryObject.each { |item|
print item, "\n"
}
fliename: 27_hash.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
#
# Hash
# * like a Hash in Perl
# * like a java.util.Map in Java
#
lang = {
"Java" =>gt; "James Gosling",
"Ruby" =>gt; "Matz"
}
print lang["Java"], "\n"
print lang["AAAA"], "\n"
fliename: 28_hash_iterator.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
#
# Hash
# * like a Hash in Perl
# * like a java.util.Map in Java
#
lang = {
"Java" =>gt; "James Gosling",
"Ruby" =>gt; "Matz"
}
print lang["Java"], "\n"
print lang["AAAA"], "\n"
# Iterator sample
# get KEY set only.
lang.each_key { |i|
print i, "\n"
}
# get Value set only.
lang.each_value { |i|
print i, "\n"
}
# get Key and Value
lang.each { |key, value|
print key,"=",value,"\n"
}
fliename: 30_statement.rb
=begin
* variable
* constant
* literal
* expression
*
* control statements.
* called method
* class definition
* method definition
=end
fliename: 31_substitue.rb
#
# substitute primary level.
#
=begin
the Ruby language has not '++' operator and so on.
if you has learned C/C++ like programming, rewrite following.
* C/C++ like
int i = 0;
i++;
* Ruby
i = 0
i += 1
* Why has not a '++' operator ?
Maybe... When Programming Language has a '++' operator,
i++, ++i difference problem occured, so Ruby erese '++' operator.
above problem sample in C/C++ like language.
# i++
int i = 0;
int calc_result = 0;
calc_result = i++; # calc_result equal 0.
# ++i
int i = 0;
int calc_result = 0;
calc_result = ++i; # calc_result equal 1.
above sample so easy, but this operator be used arguments for
funcition(method) in C/C++, Java
PRIORITY HIGH LEVEL
::
[]
+ ! ~
**
-
* / %
+ -
gt;>gt;
&
| ^
>gt; >gt;= gt; == === != =~ !~
&&
||
.. ...
?:(condition operation)
=(+=, -= ... )
not
and or
PRIORITY LOW LEVEL
=end
fliename: 32_literal_number.rb
#
# literal number
#
decimal = 123
p decimal
signed_decimal = -123
p signed_decimal
float_number = 123.45
p float_number
float_number2 = 1.2e-3
p float_number2
# hexica decimal
hex = 0xffffffff
hex = 0xffff_ffff # same.ignore underline.
p hex
# binary
bin = 0b0101
p bin
# oct decimal
oct = 0567
# oct = 0o567 is supported ruby 1.7 feature.
p oct
# charactor code
ascii = ?a
p ascii
fliename: 33_literal_string.rb
#
result = 1 + 2 / 3 * 4
p result
#
# join strings using space.
#
print "Hello" "World\n"
# expend expression
print "Result= #{result}" "\n"
print "Result= ${result}" "\n" # cannot expand
print "Result= #{$result}" "\n" # cannot expand
# Ruby can change String literal quote.
# default like other language
print "hello\n"
#
# change quote
#
print %q!Hello print double quote""! "\n"
print %!this sample can change quote '"'" yahoo! "\n"
print %Q( OH! Ruby is cool \n)
fliename: 36_regular_expression.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
#
# Ruby has a '=~' Regular Expression like a Perl.
#
target="happy ruby"
if /^happy/=~ target
print target,"\n"
end
fliename: 37_condition_expression.rb
#
# control structure
#
#
# general condition
#
age = 27
if age >gt;= 20 then
print "adult\n"
elsif age >gt;= 15 then
print "young\n"
else
print "child\n"
end
#
# Ruby is false or nil as false, other is true.
#
$DEBUG = 1;
print "DEBUG_MODE\n" if $DEBUG
$DEBUG = 0;
print "DEBUG_MODE\n" if $DEBUG
$DEBUG = nil;
print "DEBUG_MODE\n" if $DEBUG
$DEBUG = false;
print "DEBUG_MODE\n" if $DEBUG
#
# if gt; unless
#
# unless cannot use elsif
unless true
print "false\n"
else
print "true\n"
end
fliename: 38_case_expression.rb
#
# case expression
# Ruby case statement is not fall down like a C/C++ case statement.
# so Ruby has not case-break logic. this syntax is cool!
#
test_id = 5
case test_id
when 0, 1
print "TEST_ID= #{test_id}\n"
when 2, 3
print "HOGE\n"
else
print "other language is defualt\n"
end
test_id = 6
if 0 === test_id or 1 === test_id
print "TEST_ID= #{test_id}\n"
elsif 2 === test_id or 3 === test_id
print "HOGE\n"
else
print "other language is default\n"
end
fliename: 39_1_loop_while.rb
#
# loop expression
#
i = 0
while i fliename: 39_2_loop.until.rb
#
# until
#
i = false
cnt = 0
until i
print "until loop\n"
cnt += 1
if cnt == 3 then
i = true
end
end
fliename: 39_3_loop_for.rb
#
# for (like a shell for statement. not c/c++, Java for looping)
#
for i in [1, 2, 3]
print i, "\n"
end
for i in 1..10
print i, "\n"
end
fliename: 39_4_loop_control_next.rb
#
# next like a continue
#
cnt = 0
while cnt gt; contiure in C/C++ and Java.
# other message are not print.
print "HELLO"
print "HOGEHOGE"
end
fliename: 39_5_loop_control_redo.rb
#
# redo
# redo statement contiure current loop process.
# but it isnot check of loop condition
#
cnt = 0
while cnt fliename: 39_6_loop_control_retry.rb
#
# retry
#
hi_counter = 0
for i in 1..5
p i
hi_counter += 1
if hi_counter == 10
break
end
retry if i == 2
end
fliename: 40_local_variable.rb
2.times {
p defined?(v)
# declare 'v' local variable and initialize to 1.
v = 1;
p v
}
fliename: 42_global_variable.rb
$global_hoge_variable
#
# value of UNinitialized global variable return 'nil' object.
#
p $global_hoge_variable
#
# substitute string for global variable.
#
$global_hoge_variable = "HELLO GLOBAL HOGE"
p $global_hoge_variable
fliename: 46_constant.rb
HOGE_CONSTANT = "CONST HOGE!!"
p HOGE_CONSTANT
# re-substitute
# when execute program, print warning message.
#
HOGE_CONSTANT = "CONST FUGA!!"
p HOGE_CONSTANT
#
# when undefined constant variable execute, occure a NameError exception
#
p BUHOO_CONSTANT
fliename: 47_boolean_variable.rb
# Ruby has nil, true, and false variable as OBJECT!.
#
# true variable mean true bool value, true in other language.
#
p true
#
# true is unique object in TrueClass
#
p true.type
#
# false variable mean false bool value, false in other language.
#
p false
#
# true is unique object in FalseClass
#
p false.type
fliename: 48_nil_variable.rb
# Ruby has nil, true, and false variable as OBJECT!.
#
# nil variable mean NULL, null in other language.
#
p nil
#
# nil is unique object in NilClass
#
p nil.type
fliename: 49_other_variable.rb
# refer source file name variable like a C Language.
p __FILE__
# refer source code line like a C Language.
p __LINE__
fliename: 50_class_variable.rb
# class definition by 'class' keyword
class Hoge
#
# class variable definition by @@.
#
@@hoge_class_variable = 1
end
#
# CAUTION!!: Ruby language CAN NOT call class variable out of class.
#
p Hoge.hoge_class_variable
fliename: 51_class_method.rb
# class definition by 'class' keyword
class Hoge
#
# class variable definition by @@.
#
@@hoge_class_variable = 1
#
# class method definition by 'def' keyword and 'self' keyword
# when the 'self' statment use, you will save modifiy to name of method.
#
def self.printClassValue
p @@hoge_class_variable
end
end
#
# call class method.
#
Hoge.printClassValue
fliename: 55_instance_variable.rb
# class definition by 'class' keyword
class Hoge
#
# instance variable definition by @.
#
@hoge_instance_variable = 1
end
#
# CAN NOT call in default. because it has Private privilege.
#
# p Hoge.new.hoge_instance_variable
#
fliename: 56_instance_method.rb
#
# instance method. in Class or in My created class.
#
class Hoge
# instance variable for Class. this mean in Class class
@instance_value = 10000
def printHello
# instance variable. this mean in Hoge class
p @instance_value
end
end
obj = Hoge.new
obj.printHello
p obj.printHello.type
fliename: 57_instance_method.rb
#
# instance method. in Class or in My created class.
#
class Hoge
def setup
# instance variable. this mean in Hoge class
@instance_value = 100
end
def printInstanceVariable
p @instance_value
end
end
obj = Hoge.new
obj.setup
obj.printInstanceVariable
fliename: 58_accessor.rb
#
# accessor ( as know as getter setter method. )
#
class TestAccessor
attr_accessor :name
end
obj = TestAccessor.new
# call setter
obj.name = 100
# call getter
p obj.name
fliename: 59_accessor_like_java.rb
#
# accessor ( as know as getter setter method. )
# java like type.
#
class TestAccessor
#
# ruby accessor like a Microsoft .NET coding.
# attr_accessor :name
def name
@name
end
def name=(str)
@name = str
end
end
obj = TestAccessor.new
# call setter
obj.name = "Like a Java Language."
# call getter
p obj.name
fliename: 60_module.rb
#
# Module and Module method.
#
# Ruby FAQ 6.8
# Q.What's difference class and module.
# A. Module can not instantiate. class cannot use include statement.
#
module Hoge
# module method (not static method.)
def pMessage
p "HELLO Module"
end
end
# check
p defined?(Hoge)
p Hoge.type
# occured 'NameError'
# p Hoge.pMessage
#
# when use Module, developer define include statement.
#
include Hoge
Hoge.pMessage
fliename: 61_1_1_module_include_any_file.rb
require "61_1_2_module_include_TestData"
require "61_1_3_module_include_TestModule"
#
# ruby load at once so it has not occured error.
#
require "61_1_3_module_include_TestModule.rb"
include TestModule
obj = TestData.new
obj.getInstan
fliename: 61_1_2_module_include_TestData.rb
class TestData
@@hogeStatica = "Statica"
@hogeInstan
def self.getStatica
p @@hogeStatica
end
def getInstan
@hogeInstan = "sssss"
p @hogeInstan
end
end
fliename: 61_1_3_module_include_TestModule.rb
module TestModule
def printHello
print "Hello Module\n"
end
end
fliename: 61_module_static_method.rb
#
# Module static method.
#
# Ruby FAQ 6.8
# Q.What's difference class and module.
# A. Module can not instantiate. class cannot use include statement.
#
module Hoge
def self.pMessage
p "HELLO Module"
end
end
# check
p defined?(Hoge)
p Hoge.type
# occured 'NameError'
# p Hoge.pMessage
#
# when use Module, developer define include statement.
#
include Hoge
Hoge.pMessage
fliename: 62_mixin.rb
#
# Multiple inheritance in Ruby is said 'mixin'.
#
module Caffee
def caffee
@caffee
end
def caffee=(str)
@caffee = str
end
def printCaffee
@caffee
end
def printHello
print "Hello Caffee\n"
end
end
module Milk
def printMilk
@milk = 369
@milk
end
def printHello
print "Hello Milk\n"
end
end
#
# multiplicty extends
#
class MilkCaffee
include Caffee
include Milk
# A ancestors method print class hieralcy
p ancestors
end
obj = MilkCaffee.new
obj.printHello
fliename: 65_exception.rb
#
# exception
#
begin
print "program start\n"
# exception occured
raise "hoge exception!"
print "fugafuga\n"
rescue RuntimeError =>gt; evar
p $!
p evar
print "\n exception end\n"
else
print "..."
end
fliename: 66_BEGIN_END_aspect.rb
#
# BEGIN block is pre-process
# END block is post-process
#
# aspective moving!!
#
BEGIN {
print "pre execute\n"
}
END {
print "post execute\n"
}
def helloPrint
print "hello\n"
end
helloPrint
fliename: 70_alias_global_variable.rb
#
# operation for always defined statement.
#
# alias
#
# declare global variable
$global_my_hoge = "HOGE GLOBAL!!"
p $global_my_hoge
p $global_my_hoge.type
#
# alias new name for old name
#
alias $global_hoge $global_my_hoge
p $global_hoge
p $gloval_hoge.type
fliename: 71_alias_method.rb
#
# operation for always defined statement.
#
# alias
#
class Hello
def printHello
p "Hello"
end
#
# alias new name for old name
#
alias :printOhayou :printHello
end
Hello.new.printHello
Hello.new.printOhayou
fliename: 80_execute_command.rb
#
# execute command
#
str = `uname -a`
p str
fliename: 81_reflection.rb
#
# Ruby Reflection
#
require "61_1_2_module_include_TestData"
# a 'instance_methods' reflection method.
o = TestData.instance_methods
#
# Ruby 1.6 has a 'type' method. but 1.8 replace a 'class' method.
# when you used it in 1.8, print warning message.
#
#
p o.class
# p o.type
o.each { |i|
print i , "\n"
}
testString = "hello"
# print all method.
testString.methods
fliename: 82_load_vs_require.rb
#
# What's load and require statement. and different load from require.
#
=begin
Ruby has two load mecanizm methods.
* load
* require
When you want library loading, use 'require' and other file loding use 'load'
* four point require
* retreave file from load path
* can load extendable library
* cut extention (ex, .rb or .so)
* safe load, save to load same file.
confirm ruby load path follow one line script.
$ruby -e 'puts $:'
Ruby has load path in a '$:' of gloval variable.
=end
# confirm ruby load path in this file.
buff=`ruby -e 'puts $:'`
print buff
# loading buildin API by using require statement.
require "net/ftp"
# a '$"' of glovalvariale mean stataus for saving duplicate loading.
p $"
# confirm to save duplicate loding.
require "net/ftp"
p $"
# generally, this loading lock mechanizm cannot modify application developer
# but Rubyist (Ruby hacker) can modify... maybe reason Ruby is script language.
#
#$"= []
#p $"
#
# load
#
# load statement is easy. a load only ruby program aka (.rb) loading.
# and cannot ommit extension (.rb)
#
#
load 'XXXX.rb'
fliename: 99_REFFERENCE.rb
[The Object-Oriented Scripting Language Ruby ]
* http://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/
[LOVE RRUBY NET. - Chapter18. Load ]
* http://i.loveruby.net/ja/rhg/load.html